Knuth’s TeX typesetting program or one of itsĭerivatives, collectively known as “engines”. LaTeX is implemented as a set of related so-called “macros” which The commands specify, for example, how the text
It is widely used, particularly but not exclusively for mathematicalĪ LaTeX user writes an input file containing text to be typesetĪlong with interspersed commands. It was originallyĬreated by Leslie Lamport in 1984, but has been maintained by a group LaTeX is a system for typesetting documents.
#Latex textbar formula manual
Next: Document classes, Previous: About this document, Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual 2 Overview of LaTeX Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.Ī longer introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages. Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation. Of other information available about LaTeX, at all levels. Instead, please send all comments to document is a reference, not a tutorial. The presentĭocument is completely unofficial and has not been written or reviewedĭo not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them. LaTeX is maintained by a group of volunteersīy the LaTeX project is available from their web site. ‘LaTeX2e’, since the previous version of LaTeX (2.09) was In this document, we will mostly just use ‘LaTeX’ rather than For other output formats, the sources, and plenty more Typesetting program (see Overview of LaTeX). Preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document Next: Overview of LaTeX, Previous: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual, Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual 1 About this document
#Latex textbar formula archive
2.6 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network.Open-tube manometers have U-shaped tubes and one end is always open.Aneroid gauge measures pressure using a bellows-and-spring arrangement connected to the pointer of a calibrated scale.Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
Conversion Factors for Various Pressure Units
(A negative absolute pressure is a pull.) Thus the smallest possible gauge pressure is Fluids push rather than pull, so the smallest absolute pressure is zero. Gauge pressure is positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure, and negative for pressures below it.Ībsolute pressure is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.įor reasons we will explore later, in most cases the absolute pressure in fluids cannot be negative. We therefore define gauge pressure to be the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. In brief, it is very common for pressure gauges to ignore atmospheric pressure-that is, to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Blood pressure measurements, like tire pressures, are thus made relative to atmospheric pressure. What is important is how much greater blood pressure is than atmospheric pressure. (As noted in Chapter 11.5 Pascal’s Principle, the total pressure in a fluid is the sum of the pressures from different sources-here, the heart and the atmosphere.) But atmospheric pressure has no net effect on blood flow since it adds to the pressure coming out of the heart and going back into it, too. Similarly, atmospheric pressure adds to blood pressure in every part of the circulatory system. Tire gauges are simply designed to read zero at atmospheric pressure and positive when pressure is greater than atmospheric. Why does the gauge read zero? There is no mystery here. In fact, if there were a gaping hole in your tire, the gauge would read zero, even though atmospheric pressure exists in the tire. If you limp into a gas station with a nearly flat tire, you will notice the tire gauge on the airline reads nearly zero when you begin to fill it.
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